Place    From 1196  To 3/11/1783

Tyburn tree

Categories: Execution, Law, Tragedy

The first recorded execution here was the hanging of the champion of London's poor, William Fitz Osbern in 1196. Back then there may have been a real tree but in 1571 the 'Tyburn Tree' was erected. This was a triangular structure, which enabled multiple hangings to take place simultaneously: 24 on one occasion. Its first victim was Dr John Story, a Roman Catholic who refused to recognise Queen Elizabeth I. In 1661 the restored Charles II ordered Cromwell, along with Ireton, Pride and Bradshaw, to be hanged here, all four having been dead and buried for some time. After several hours Cromwell's body was decapitated and put in a lime-pit here (or not, see Cromwell's body). The scaffold was last used in 1783 for the hanging of the highwayman John Austin. Many of its victims came from Newgate Prison and were paraded through jeering/cheering crowds across the City, St Giles and Oxford Street. The hangings were popular spectacles as shown in Hogarth's 1747 print "The Idle 'Prentice Executed at Tyburn". Our picture is a detail of this, showing the triangular scaffold in the background.

2016: An article in Apollo reported on a new artwork in the Catholic Westminster Cathedral. This has been created as a memorial for the Tyburn martyrs, with their names in flaming clouds on the ceiling. A text reads “Two miles beyond this wall our martyrs gave their lives for the faith 1535 - 1681.” (Actually Google Maps gives the walking distance from the Cathedral to the Tyburn Stone at Marble Arch as 1.7 miles and it would be even shorter as a straight line.) When jokes are made about recent tragedies a response is sometimes “too soon”. We suggest another phrase, “too long”, to question the wisdom of keeping resentment alive for too long a time.

On the wall behind the text is a symbol: a square containing a "Y" whose arms reach the top two corners of the square. This symbol also appears on the Tyburn Tree plaque at the Convent so we guess it belongs to a group dedicated to commemorating the Tyburn martyrs but we don't know the name of the organisation.

For the nautical equivalent see Execution Dock.

There was a York Tyburn - named for the one in London.

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This section lists the memorials where the subject on this page is commemorated:
Tyburn tree

Commemorated ati

Tyburn Convent - green

105 Catholic martyrs lost their lives at the Tyburn gallows near this site, 1...

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Tyburn Convent - relief

There is a better picture at Flickr - we're not proud. Note the Tyburn tree ...

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Tyburn Convent - Tyburn Tree

{Top left is a ‘logo’ for the Tyburn Tree:} Tyburn Tree The circular stone ...

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Tyburn Stone

We could not read most of the inscription on the stone but found it at San Fr...

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Tyburn tree - pavement plaque

2 October 2014: The plaque was restored but we have kept our picture so you c...

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Other Subjects

Thomas Cromwell

Thomas Cromwell

Born Putney. Executed on Tower Hill by order of Henry VIII, while Henry married Katherine Howard, wife number 5. Oliver Cromwell is descended from one of Thomas's sisters, whose husband changed hi...

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration

5 memorials
Thomas Bowyer

Thomas Bowyer

Burnt at the stake in Bow (or possibly Stratford) for his Protestant beliefs.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
John Apprice

John Apprice

Burnt at the stake in Bow (or possibly Stratford) for his Protestant beliefs. Blind. Shared a stake with Laverock who chatted with him during their ordeal.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Sebastian Newdigate

Sebastian Newdigate

Monk at London Charterhouse.  Newdigate was a personal friend of Henry VIII. The king visited him twice in prison but Newdigate refused to change his views. Executed at Tyburn.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Elizabeth Pepper

Elizabeth Pepper

Burnt at the stake in Bow (or possibly Stratford) for her Protestant beliefs.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial

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6th (City of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (City of London Rifles)

6th (City of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (City of London Rifles)

A London unit founded in 1860 and whose lineage ended after various amalgamations in 1961. Their Wikipedia page describes the Battalion's history.

Group, Armed Forces

1 memorial
Lord Frederick Leighton

Lord Frederick Leighton

Born Scarborough, Yorkshire. President of the Royal Academy. In 1860 Leighton was a first commander of the Artists Rifles. 1892 painted some of the murals at the Royal Exchange. Knighted in 1878. ...

Person, Art

3 memorials
Nordisk

Nordisk

International film company. Formed by Ole Olsen.

Group, Cinema, Denmark

1 memorial
Mazarin, Herring & Talleyrand

Mazarin, Herring & Talleyrand

W8, Kensington Square, 11

A delightful and unusual plaque in the cove of the lovely Georgian doorway. However its claim to housing celebrities is suspect. British ...

3 subjects commemorated