Place    From 1196  To 3/11/1783

Tyburn tree

Categories: Execution, Law, Tragedy

The first recorded execution here was the hanging of the champion of London's poor, William Fitz Osbern in 1196. Back then there may have been a real tree but in 1571 the 'Tyburn Tree' was erected. This was a triangular structure, which enabled multiple hangings to take place simultaneously: 24 on one occasion. Its first victim was Dr John Story, a Roman Catholic who refused to recognise Queen Elizabeth I. In 1661 the restored Charles II ordered Cromwell, along with Ireton, Pride and Bradshaw, to be hanged here, all four having been dead and buried for some time. After several hours Cromwell's body was decapitated and put in a lime-pit here (or not, see Cromwell's body). The scaffold was last used in 1783 for the hanging of the highwayman John Austin. Many of its victims came from Newgate Prison and were paraded through jeering/cheering crowds across the City, St Giles and Oxford Street. The hangings were popular spectacles as shown in Hogarth's 1747 print "The Idle 'Prentice Executed at Tyburn". Our picture is a detail of this, showing the triangular scaffold in the background.

2016: An article in Apollo reported on a new artwork in the Catholic Westminster Cathedral. This has been created as a memorial for the Tyburn martyrs, with their names in flaming clouds on the ceiling. A text reads “Two miles beyond this wall our martyrs gave their lives for the faith 1535 - 1681.” (Actually Google Maps gives the walking distance from the Cathedral to the Tyburn Stone at Marble Arch as 1.7 miles and it would be even shorter as a straight line.) When jokes are made about recent tragedies a response is sometimes “too soon”. We suggest another phrase, “too long”, to question the wisdom of keeping resentment alive for too long a time.

On the wall behind the text is a symbol: a square containing a "Y" whose arms reach the top two corners of the square. This symbol also appears on the Tyburn Tree plaque at the Convent so we guess it belongs to a group dedicated to commemorating the Tyburn martyrs but we don't know the name of the organisation.

For the nautical equivalent see Execution Dock.

There was a York Tyburn - named for the one in London.

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This section lists the memorials where the subject on this page is commemorated:
Tyburn tree

Commemorated ati

Tyburn Convent - green

105 Catholic martyrs lost their lives at the Tyburn gallows near this site, 1...

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Tyburn Convent - relief

There is a better picture at Flickr - we're not proud. Note the Tyburn tree ...

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Tyburn Convent - Tyburn Tree

{Top left is a ‘logo’ for the Tyburn Tree:} Tyburn Tree The circular stone ...

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Tyburn Stone

We could not read most of the inscription on the stone but found it at San Fr...

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Tyburn tree - pavement plaque

2 October 2014: The plaque was restored but we have kept our picture so you c...

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Other Subjects

Sir Harry Vane (the younger)

Sir Harry Vane (the younger)

Statesman. Born Debden. As a Protestant dissenter he failed to secure the advancements at the King's court for which he had hoped and so set off to the newly established Massachusetts where he was ...

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration, USA

2 memorials
Sir Robert Hales

Sir Robert Hales

Born Kent.  Lord/Grand Prior of the Knights Hospitallers of England.  As Lord High Treasurer he was responsible for collecting the poll tax. Bad timing for him since the Peasants Revolted, stormed ...

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration

1 memorial
E. Gordon Brettell

E. Gordon Brettell

Flight Lieutenant Edward Gordon Brettell DFC was born on 19 March 1915, the eldest of the three children of Vivian Brettell (1882-1949) and Eileen Isabella Brettell née Carroll (1887-1979). His bir...

Person, Armed Forces, Execution, Poland

War dead, WW2
1 memorial
Sebastian Newdigate

Sebastian Newdigate

Monk at London Charterhouse.  Newdigate was a personal friend of Henry VIII. The king visited him twice in prison but Newdigate refused to change his views. Executed at Tyburn.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset

Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset

Brother of Jane Seymour, Henry VIII's third wife, he was honoured by the king on the marriage and remained in favour after Jane's death, following childbirth.  On Henry's death, the king's only son...

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration

1 memorial

Previously viewed

Leysian - 4

Leysian - 4

EC1, Errol Street, 12

The foundation stones are listed here left to right. They were laid in October 1889 and the building opened in April the following year....

2 subjects commemorated
Cherub Gate

Cherub Gate

NY, Trinity Place, New York, 74

The Cherub Gate The cherub above is a gift to Trinity Church from the church of St Mary le Bow in London which was designed by Sir Christ...

5 subjects commemorated
William Compton, 6th Marquess of Northampton

William Compton, 6th Marquess of Northampton

Eldest son of the 5th Marquess. Achieved the rank of Major and was awarded the DSO after WW1. Then rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel before retiring in 1932. Was in local government in Northam...

Person, Armed Forces, Politics & Administration

1 memorial
Juggling figure

Juggling figure

N1, Hoxton Market

Juggling figure To commemorate the traditions of Theatre and Music Hall in Hoxton and Shoreditch. Funded by Dalston City Challenge and Lo...

1 subject commemorated, 2 creators
Grapes Tavern

Grapes Tavern

SE1, Borough High Street, 121, Kentish Buildings

The plaque is in the alleyway.

2 subjects commemorated