Place    From 1196  To 3/11/1783

Tyburn tree

Categories: Execution, Law, Tragedy

The first recorded execution here was the hanging of the champion of London's poor, William Fitz Osbern in 1196. Back then there may have been a real tree but in 1571 the 'Tyburn Tree' was erected. This was a triangular structure, which enabled multiple hangings to take place simultaneously: 24 on one occasion. Its first victim was Dr John Story, a Roman Catholic who refused to recognise Queen Elizabeth I. In 1661 the restored Charles II ordered Cromwell, along with Ireton, Pride and Bradshaw, to be hanged here, all four having been dead and buried for some time. After several hours Cromwell's body was decapitated and put in a lime-pit here (or not, see Cromwell's body). The scaffold was last used in 1783 for the hanging of the highwayman John Austin. Many of its victims came from Newgate Prison and were paraded through jeering/cheering crowds across the City, St Giles and Oxford Street. The hangings were popular spectacles as shown in Hogarth's 1747 print "The Idle 'Prentice Executed at Tyburn". Our picture is a detail of this, showing the triangular scaffold in the background.

2016: An article in Apollo reported on a new artwork in the Catholic Westminster Cathedral. This has been created as a memorial for the Tyburn martyrs, with their names in flaming clouds on the ceiling. A text reads “Two miles beyond this wall our martyrs gave their lives for the faith 1535 - 1681.” (Actually Google Maps gives the walking distance from the Cathedral to the Tyburn Stone at Marble Arch as 1.7 miles and it would be even shorter as a straight line.) When jokes are made about recent tragedies a response is sometimes “too soon”. We suggest another phrase, “too long”, to question the wisdom of keeping resentment alive for too long a time.

On the wall behind the text is a symbol: a square containing a "Y" whose arms reach the top two corners of the square. This symbol also appears on the Tyburn Tree plaque at the Convent so we guess it belongs to a group dedicated to commemorating the Tyburn martyrs but we don't know the name of the organisation.

For the nautical equivalent see Execution Dock.

There was a York Tyburn - named for the one in London.

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This section lists the memorials where the subject on this page is commemorated:
Tyburn tree

Commemorated ati

Tyburn Convent - green

105 Catholic martyrs lost their lives at the Tyburn gallows near this site, 1...

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Tyburn Convent - relief

There is a better picture at Flickr - we're not proud. Note the Tyburn tree ...

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Tyburn Convent - Tyburn Tree

{Top left is a ‘logo’ for the Tyburn Tree:} Tyburn Tree The circular stone ...

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Tyburn Stone

We could not read most of the inscription on the stone but found it at San Fr...

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Tyburn tree - pavement plaque

2 October 2014: The plaque was restored but we have kept our picture so you c...

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Other Subjects

Humphrey Middlemore

Humphrey Middlemore

Monk at London Charterhouse.  Executed at Tyburn.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Duke of Monmouth

Duke of Monmouth

Born James Scott (or Crofts or Fitzroy) at Rotterdam. Illegitimate son of King Charles II and Lucy Walter. He came to England in 1662 where he was created Duke of Monmouth. 1682 he had Monmouth Hou...

Person, Execution, Royalty, Netherlands

2 memorials
William Hallywel

William Hallywel

Burnt at the stake in Bow (or possibly Stratford) for his Protestant beliefs.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Richard Beere

Richard Beere

Monk at London Charterhouse. Nephew of the Richard Beere who was Abbot of Glastonbury. Became a Carthusian in February 1523. Taken to Newgate Prison, chained and left to starve to death though ther...

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Sir Robert Hales

Sir Robert Hales

Born Kent.  Lord/Grand Prior of the Knights Hospitallers of England.  As Lord High Treasurer he was responsible for collecting the poll tax. Bad timing for him since the Peasants Revolted, stormed ...

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration

1 memorial

Previously viewed

Paternoster Square column

Paternoster Square column

EC4, Paternoster Square

It's certainly a vent shaft for the car park beneath, but this column, or rather the flaming urn, is apparently also a memorial, accordin...

4 subjects commemorated, 1 creator
Thomas Carlyle - WC1

Thomas Carlyle - WC1

WC1, Ampton Street, 33

LCC Thomas Carlyle, 1795 - 1881, lived here.

1 subject commemorated, 1 creator
Joseph Haydn

Joseph Haydn

W1, Great Pulteney Street, 18

The Conversation points out that this house was convenient for 3 addresses frequented by Hayden: Hanover Square Concert Rooms (where he p...

1 subject commemorated, 1 creator