Place    From 1196  To 3/11/1783

Tyburn tree

Categories: Execution, Law, Tragedy

The first recorded execution here was the hanging of the champion of London's poor, William Fitz Osbern in 1196. Back then there may have been a real tree but in 1571 the 'Tyburn Tree' was erected. This was a triangular structure, which enabled multiple hangings to take place simultaneously: 24 on one occasion. Its first victim was Dr John Story, a Roman Catholic who refused to recognise Queen Elizabeth I. In 1661 the restored Charles II ordered Cromwell, along with Ireton, Pride and Bradshaw, to be hanged here, all four having been dead and buried for some time. After several hours Cromwell's body was decapitated and put in a lime-pit here (or not, see Cromwell's body). The scaffold was last used in 1783 for the hanging of the highwayman John Austin. Many of its victims came from Newgate Prison and were paraded through jeering/cheering crowds across the City, St Giles and Oxford Street. The hangings were popular spectacles as shown in Hogarth's 1747 print "The Idle 'Prentice Executed at Tyburn". Our picture is a detail of this, showing the triangular scaffold in the background.

2016: An article in Apollo reported on a new artwork in the Catholic Westminster Cathedral. This has been created as a memorial for the Tyburn martyrs, with their names in flaming clouds on the ceiling. A text reads “Two miles beyond this wall our martyrs gave their lives for the faith 1535 - 1681.” (Actually Google Maps gives the walking distance from the Cathedral to the Tyburn Stone at Marble Arch as 1.7 miles and it would be even shorter as a straight line.) When jokes are made about recent tragedies a response is sometimes “too soon”. We suggest another phrase, “too long”, to question the wisdom of keeping resentment alive for too long a time.

On the wall behind the text is a symbol: a square containing a "Y" whose arms reach the top two corners of the square. This symbol also appears on the Tyburn Tree plaque at the Convent so we guess it belongs to a group dedicated to commemorating the Tyburn martyrs but we don't know the name of the organisation.

For the nautical equivalent see Execution Dock.

There was a York Tyburn - named for the one in London.

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This section lists the memorials where the subject on this page is commemorated:
Tyburn tree

Commemorated ati

Tyburn Convent - green

105 Catholic martyrs lost their lives at the Tyburn gallows near this site, 1...

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Tyburn Convent - relief

There is a better picture at Flickr - we're not proud. Note the Tyburn tree ...

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Tyburn Convent - Tyburn Tree

{Top left is a ‘logo’ for the Tyburn Tree:} Tyburn Tree The circular stone ...

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Tyburn Stone

We could not read most of the inscription on the stone but found it at San Fr...

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Tyburn tree - pavement plaque

2 October 2014: The plaque was restored but we have kept our picture so you c...

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Other Subjects

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury

William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury

Born Reading. 1628 became Bishop of London. 1633 became Archbishop of Canterbury. Supported Charles I, opposed many of the church practices that had come in during Queen Elizabeth's reign and perse...

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration, Religion

2 memorials
William Hallywel

William Hallywel

Burnt at the stake in Bow (or possibly Stratford) for his Protestant beliefs.

Person, Execution, Religion

1 memorial
Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford

Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford

Born Chancery Lane.  An unpopular Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Supported Charles I against Parliament and so the Long Parliament impeached him and he was beheaded on Tower Hill.

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration

2 memorials
Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg

Revolutionary socialist. Born Rozalia Luksenburg, she was a Polish and naturalised-German orthodox Marxist, and anti-War activist during WW1. She became a key figure of the revolutionary socialist ...

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration, Tragedy, Germany, Poland, Russia

1 memorial
James Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater

James Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater

Jacobite.  Either 'Radcliffe' or 'Radclyffe'. Illegitimate grandson of Charles II on his mother's side. A very wealthy Northumbrian nobleman, brought up in France. 1712 married Anna Webb. Captured ...

Person, Execution, Politics & Administration, France

1 memorial

Previously viewed

Sun-dial from Waterloo Bridge

Sun-dial from Waterloo Bridge

NW3, Antrim Grove, Antrim Gardens

The baluster/sundial presents no interesting detail to photograph so we have instead presented a close-up of one of the crowned letters o...

1 subject commemorated
Cyril Demarne

Cyril Demarne

Born Poplar.  A firefighter in WW2 he became Chief Officer of the West Ham Fire Brigade. In 1955 he moved to Australia where he set up firefighting and safety centres in Australasia and in Beirut. ...

Person, Emergency Services, Australia

War served, WW2
2 memorials
Dr William Twiss

Dr William Twiss

Born Newbury of German parents and worked there briefly. 1643 appointed Prolocutor of the Westminster Assembly, effectively head of the church. Buried Westminster Abbey. When Charles II was restor...

Person, Politics & Administration, Religion, Germany

1 memorial
Mary Wollstonecraft - Islington's Pride

Mary Wollstonecraft - Islington's Pride

N16, Matthias Road, 39

Wollstonecraft attended this church from 1784.

1 subject commemorated, 2 creators
Cadby Hall - 9 keystone heads - composers

Cadby Hall - 9 keystone heads - composers

W14, Hammersmith Road, Lyons Walk

Cadby Hall was built in 1873 as a piano factory. Our picture comes from Cadby Hall: "Built to the design of Lewis H. Isaacs, Cadby Hall w...