Subject

Philosopher. Born in Moscow. He became a pupil of George Gurdjieff who taught that most humans live their lives in a state of hypnotic "waking sleep", but that it is possible to transcend to a higher state of consciousness and achieve full human potential. He went on to develop his own theories and developed the concept of esotericism. He moved to London after the Russian Revolution, where his lectures were attended by literary figures such as Aldous Huxley and T.S. Eliot. Died at Lyne Place, Surrey.