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OM, FRS, Nobel Laureate.  Born Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. His pioneering wartime research on tissue grafting won him the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, 1960. Not a fan of psychoanalysis - in 1975 he called it "the most stupendous intellectual confidence trick of the 20th century". His autobiography is titled: Memoir of a Thinking Radish (1986). Died London.